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Citing Sources: AMA/HPE

Purdue Owl

Purdue Online Writing Lab maintains one of the most complete and easy to use citing sources section.  Remember the OWL as you write your paper!  This link takes you to their AMA format page.

AMA Quick Tips

In-Text Citations

  • Use superscript numbers to cite material, e.g., 1
  • The superscript number is inserted into the document immediately next to the fact, concept, or quotation being cited.
  • If a reference is used many times in one paper, use the same number throughout.

References

  • Number references consecutively with arabic numerals in the order in which they are cited in the text.
  • If the citation extends to a second line, do NOT indent (as in APA).
  • Journal titles are abbreviated and in italics. 
    • Use PubMed abbreviations for journal titles.  See Journals referenced in the NCBI Databases.
    • Single word titles, such as Pediatrics, are not abbreviated.
    • In journal titles, capitalize all major words (Do not capitalize the, an, a, in, for, or but, unless this word begins the title.)
  • Title of journal article: capitalize only the first word.
  • Journal page numbers and dates: Format is the year followed by a semicolon; the volume number and the issue number (in parentheses) followed by a colon; the initial page number, a hyphen, the final page number followed by a period and are set without spaces.

Example:

Hunter RH, Sykes K, Lowman SG, Duncan R, Satariano WA, Belza B. Environmental and policy change to support healthy aging. J Aging Soc Policy.2011;23(4):354-371. doi:10.1080/08959420.2011.605642

  • Citing online journals:  The DOI number is preferred over the URL link.
  • Books:
    • In Book Titles, capitalize all major words (Do not capitalize the, an, a, in, for, or but, unless this word begins the title.) and put in italics.
    • In Book Chapter Titles: capitalize only the first word.

AMA Examples

Online Articles

Online Article (DOI):

Author(s). Title. Journal Name [using National Library of Medicine abbreviations]. Year;vol(issue):inclusive pages. doi: [doi number].

Emmanuel Y, Thorne SA. Heart disease in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(5):579-97. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.04.002.

Online Article (no DOI):

Author(s). Title. Journal Name [using National Library of Medicine abbreviations]. Year;vol(issue):inclusive pages. [URL]. Accessed [date].

Emmanuel Y, Thorne SA. Heart disease in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(5):579-97. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26026739. Accessed November 21, 2017.

 

Government/Organization Reports

For an article, use the journal citation style.

World Medical Association. Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/. Updated October 19, 2013. Accessed November 27, 2017.

For a monograph, use the book citation style.

Johnson DL, O'Malley PM, Bachman JG. Secondary School Students. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse; 2001. Monitoring the Future: National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975-2000; vol 1. NIH publication 01-4924. http://www.monitoringthefuture.org/pubs/monographs/vol1_2000.pdf. Published August 2001. Accessed November 27, 2017.

3.15 Electronic References, 3.15.5 Government/Organization Reports

Webpages

Webpage:

Author(s). Title of the specific item cited. Name of the Web site. [URL]. Published [date]. Updated [date]. Accessed [date].

*If no title of the webpage is given, use the name of the organization responsible for the site

*If an element is missing, skip it and move on to the next element.

Harrison P. In US, 4 out of 10 cancers could be prevented. Medscape. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/888976. Published November 21, 2017. Accessed November 21, 2017.

3.15 Electronic References, 3.15.3 Web Sites

NLM Journal Title Abbreviations

To determine the appropriate journal title abbreviation according to NLM guidelines, use this link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog/journals. 

Look for the abbreviated journal title in the field "NLM Title Abbreviation". For example, the journal JAMA Cardiology would be listed in a reference as JAMA Cardiol. 

NLM journal abbreviation for JAMA cardiology is JAMA cardiol

3.11.2 Names of Journals

Print Articles

Author(s). Title. Journal Name [using National Library of Medicine abbreviations]. Year;vol(issue):inclusive pages. 

Karp JM. A slick and stretchable surgical adhesive. New Engl J Med. 2017;377(21):2092-2094.

3.11 References to Print Journals

Print Books

Chapter of Book:

Author(s). Chapter title. In: Editor(s), eds. Title of Book. [Edition number, if it is the second edition or above] ed. City, State of Publisher: Publisher; copyright year:inclusive pages.

Alpers CE, Chang A. The kidney. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC, eds. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2015:897-957. 

Entire Book:

Author(s). Title of Book. [Edition number, if it is the second edition or above] ed. City, State of Publisher: Publisher; copyright year.

Gordis L. Epidemiology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2014. 

3.12 References to Print Books, 3.12.2 Reference to an Entire Book, 3.12.4 Reference to a Chapter in a Book

Government or Agency Bulletins

Author(s). Title of Bulletin. City, State of publication: Name of issuing bureau, agency, or department.; copyright date. Page numbers. Publication number. Series number.

Johnston LD, O'Malley PM, Bachman, JG. Monitoring the Future: National Survey Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2003.

*If an element is missing, skip it and move to the next element.

*Department should be abbreviated to "Dept".

 

AMA Quick Guide